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The P'yongnam Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the Korean State Railway in North Korea, linking P'yongyang with the port city of Namp'o and the hot springs at P'yongnam Onch'on. The length of the line is 89.9 km (55.9 mi).
The P'yongnam Line serves as a connection between the various trunk lines starting at P'yongyang that serve the north and east of the country with the lines in the southwestern part of North Korea by means of a connection to the Sohae Kammun Line (West Sea Barrage Line). It connects to the Ryonggang Line and the Taean Line, as well as to the P'yongyanghwajon Line, the Chamjilli Line, the Posan Line, the Tojiri Line, the Namp'o Port Line, and, formerly, the Namdong Line.
The P'yongnam Line was originally built as two separate lines by two separate railway companies - the P'yongnam Line built by the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu), and the Onch'on Line built by the privately owned Chosen P'yongan Railway.
In September 1909, Sentetsu began construction of a rail line running between P'yongyang and Chinnamp'o (nowadays Namp'o). Called the P'yongnam Line, it was opened for operations on 16 October 1910.
In the following years, a number of stations were opened along the line to expand the service: Kangson Station on 1 July 1923; Kalch'on Station on 1 May 1924; Taesong Station, 35.2 km (21.9 mi) from P'yongyang between Kangso and Ryonggang, was opened on 1 November 1925 and subsequently closed; Choch'on station was opened on 11 February 1934, but a year later was dismantled and moved 1.2 km (0.75 mi) south, becoming today's Ch'ilgol Station; Taep'o Station, 13.3 km (8.3 mi) from P'yongyang Station between Choch'on and Taep'yong Stations in Man'gyongdae-guyok, P'yongyang, was opened on 10 January 1944 and subsequently closed; and Pot'onggang Station on 21 March 1944.
On 8 July 1938, the Chosen P'yongan Railway opened the 34.7 km (21.6 mi) Onch'on Line from Chinnamp'o, terminus of Sentetsu's P'yongnam Line, to Ryonggang Onch'on, running two daily passenger trains to connect the hot springs there with Pot'onggang Station in P'yongyang and with Tokch'on on the West Chosen Central Railway's Seoseon Line.
After the partition of Korea, the two lines were within the Soviet zone of occupation, and both lines - together with all others within the Soviet zone - were nationalised by the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea on 10 August 1946, and operated by the Korean State Railway following the establishment of the DPRK, which merged the Onch'on Line into the P'yongnam Line. The line was heavily damaged during the Korean War, but was subsequently rebuilt and expanded, with the construction of Sinnamp'o Station to serve glass factories and shipbuilders located there.
The mainline between P'yongyang and Namp'o was electrified in December 1979.
After the completion of the West Sea Barrage in 1986, a new rail line, the Sohae Kammun Line was opened, running from Sillyongri on the P'yongnam Line to Ch'olgwang on the Unnyul Line.
On 21 October 2014 a groundbreaking ceremony for the Sungri ("Victory") project to modernise the P'yongnam Line from Namp'o to P'yongyang and the P'yongdok Line from P'yongyang to Chaedong was held. The project, supported by Russia, is intended to form the first stage of a larger-scale cooperation with the Russian Railways as part of a 20-year development project that would modernise around 3,500 km (2,200 mi) of the North Korean rail network, and would include the construction of a north-south freight bypass around P'yongyang.
The overall project cost is estimated to be around US $25 billion, and it is expected that exports of coal, rare-earth and non-ferrous metals from the DPRK to Russia will provide the funding for the project.
A wide array of industries along the mainline of the P'yongnam Line are all served by freight trains, and import-export traffic through Namp'o Port - North Korea's largest in terms of traffic - is also moved by rail along this line.
The Ch'ollima Steel Complex at Kangson, the DPRK's largest steel mill, produces steel and other alloys; a good portion of this output is sent to industries elsewhere on the P'yongnam Line.
The Kumsong Tractor Factory at Kangso produces tractors and other agricultural equipment for both domestic use and export, using structural steel supplied from the Songjin Steel Works and the Ch'ollima Steel Complex and plate steel from the Hwanghae Iron & Steel Complex.
All freight heading to and from the Taean Machine Complex located in Taean on the adjoining Taean Line moves via the P'yongnam Line. Steel arrives there from the Kimchaek Iron & Steel Complex, the Hwanghae Iron & Steel Complex and the Ch'ollima Steel Complex, nonferrous metals from the Munp'yong Smelter, and imported materials and parts unloaded from ships at Namp'o Port.
There is a significant amount of short-distance freight traffic between Kangson and the Posan Line via Kangso: the April 13 Ironworks, located at Posan, produces pig iron that is all shipped to the Ch'ollima Steel Complex; the ironworks receives some of its raw material via rail, as well.
Other rail-served industries on the line include, among others, the P'yongyang Wheat Flour Factory at Ch'ilgol in Samhung-dong, Man'gyongdae-guyok in P'yongyang; and the Pyeonghwa Motors factory and the Ch'onji Lubricant Factory at Sinnamp'o. There are also numerous rail-served factories on the connecting lines.
The section from Sinnamp'o to P'yongnam Onch'on serves a primarily agricultural area. There are freight loading facilities at East Kwangryang, Rosang, Kwisong and P'yongnam Onch'on. The bulk of outbound freight traffic on this section is salt and agricultural products; inbound traffic consists primarily of coal, anthracite, fertiliser and goods for everyday use. There is also a significant amount of military traffic along this line, destined for the Onch'on air base of the Korean People's Army Air Force just north of P'yongnam Onch'on.
A number of long-distance and local passenger trains run along the P'yongnam Line, serving the city of Namp'o as well as the hot springs at P'yongnam Onch'on.
Four passenger trains operate over the entirety of the mainline. These are semi-express trains 146-147/148-149 between Sinuiju Ch'ongnyon on the P'yongui Line and Namp'o via P'yongyang; regional trains 226-227/228-229 between Tokch'on on the P'yongdok Line and P'yongnam Onch'on; regional trains 225/230 between Potonggang and P'yongnam Onch'on; and regional trains 240-241/242-243 between Haeju Ch'ongnyon on the Hwanghae Ch'ongnyon Line and Namp'o via P'yongyang.
Other passenger trains on the line include local trains 361/362, operating between Namp'o and Ch'olgwang, running from Namp'o to Sillyongri and continuing to Ch'olgwang via the Sohae Kammun Line, and local trains 733/734, operating between Kangso and Mayong on the Ryonggang Line via Ryonggang.
Due to the poor state of the tracks, as of 2007 the travel time for trains between P'yongyang and Namp'o was around three hours; in comparison, in 1920 the six daily trips between P'yongyang and Namp'o took 1 hour 40 minutes each way.
A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.