The Application of Rare Earth

The Application of Rare Earth

Rare earth materials with special chemical and physical properties, so it has a wide range of applications in material, chemical, and nuclear energy, such as its main function is to improve the material performance and activity, it's main application:

1.Metallurgy: de-oxygen de-sulfur, and other injurious ingredients to act reducing agent.

2.Flint, ignition device

3.catalyst for petroleum cracking process

4.Purifying automobile exhaust gas

5.Glass precipitating and decoloring agents

6.Permanent magnets SmCo,NdFeB

7.Super-conductor

8.Functional ceramic, yttria+zirconia

9.Phosphor for color TV, ceria+zirconia

10.Hydrogen storage, secondary battery

11.Polishing powder

12.Laser material, optical fiber optical lens

13.Magnetic memory materials

14.Substitution of poisonous Cd pigments

15.Environmental protection:plastics degradation,paint and ink drier

16.Laser materials

17.Agriculture

A table listing the seventeen rare earth elements, their atomic number and symbol, and their main usages (see also Technological applications) is provided here. Some of the rare earths are named after the scientists who discovered or elucidated their elemental properties, and some after their geographical discovery.

Symbol Name Selected applications
21 Sc Scandium Light aluminium-scandium alloy for aerospace components, additive in Mercury-vapor lamps.[4]
39 Y Yttrium Yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) laser, yttrium vanadate (YVO4) as host for europium in TV red phosphor, YBCO high-temperature superconductors, yttrium iron garnet (YIG) microwavefilters.[4]
57 La Lanthanum High refractive index glass, flint, hydrogen storage, battery-electrodes, camera lenses, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst for oil refineries
58 Ce Cerium Chemical oxidizing agent, polishing powder, yellow colors in glass and ceramics, catalyst forself-cleaning ovens, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst for oil refineries, ferrocerium flints for lighters
59 Pr Praseodymium Rare-earth magnets, lasers, core material for carbon arc lighting, colorant in glasses andenamels, additive in didymium glass used in welding goggles,[4] ferrocerium firesteel (flint) products.
60 Nd Neodymium Rare-earth magnets, lasers, violet colors in glass and ceramics, ceramic capacitors
61 Pm Promethium Nuclear batteries
62 Sm Samarium Rare-earth magnets, lasers, neutron capture, masers
63 Eu Europium Red and blue phosphors, lasers, mercury-vapor lamps, NMR relaxation agent
64 Gd Gadolinium Rare-earth magnets, high refractive index glass or garnets, lasers, X-ray tubes, computer memories, neutron capture, MRI contrast agent, NMR relaxation agent
65 Tb Terbium Green phosphors, lasers, fluorescent lamps
66 Dy Dysprosium Rare-earth magnets, lasers
67 Ho Holmium Lasers
68 Er Erbium Lasers, vanadium steel
69 Tm Thulium Portable X-ray machines
70 Yb Ytterbium Infrared lasers, chemical reducing agent
71 Lu Lutetium PET Scan detectors, high refractive index glass