Image by/from ScottTParker Interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary resistance, or Kapitza resistance, is a measure of resistance to thermal flow at the interface between two materials. While these terms may be used interchangeably, Kapitza resistance technically refers to an atomically perfect, flat interface whereas thermal boundary resistance is a more broad term. […]
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Upcycling
Upcycling, also known as creative reuse, is the process of transforming by-products, waste materials, useless, or unwanted products into new materials or products perceived to be of greater quality, such as artistic value or environmental value. Upcycling is the opposite of downcycling, which is the other part of the recycling process. Downcycling involves converting materials […]
Giorgio Benedek
Giorgio Benedek (born 4 February 1941) is an Italian physicist, academic and researcher. He is an Emeritus Professor of Physics of Matter at University of Milano-Bicocca and Director of the International School of Solid State Physics at Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture. Benedek's original theoretical interest in the dynamics and vibrational response […]
Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)
Project Orion was a study conducted in the 1950s and 1960s by the United States Air Force, DARPA, and NASA into the viability of a nuclear pulse spaceship that would be directly propelled by a series of atomic explosions behind the craft. Early versions of the vehicle were proposed to take off from the ground; […]
Four-valued logic
In logic, a four-valued logic is any logic with four truth values. Several types of four-valued logic have been advanced. Nuel Belnap considered the challenge of question answering by computer in 1975. Noting human fallibility, he was concerned with the case where two contradictory facts were loaded into memory, and then a query was made. […]
Band gap
In solid-state physics and solid-state chemistry, a band gap, also called a bandgap or energy gap, is an energy range in a solid where no electronic states exist. In graphs of the electronic band structure of solids, the band gap refers to the energy difference (often expressed in electronvolts) between the top of the valence […]
Fiber-optic sensor
A fiber-optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors"). Fibers have many uses in remote sensing. Depending on the application, fiber may be used because of its […]
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, BIC (Russian: INSTITUT KATALIZA IMENI G. K. BORESKOVA SIBIRSKOGO OTDELENIY ROSSIISKOI AKADEMII NAUK, IK SO RAN) is a research institute in Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1958. The Institute of Catalysis was founded in the summer of 1958 as part of the Siberian […]
Matryoshka doll
Matryoshka dolls (/ˌmatriˈɒʃkə/ MAT-ree-OSH-kə; Russian: MATRESKA, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}IPA: [mɐˈtrʲɵʂkə] ⓘ), also known as stacking dolls, nesting dolls, Russian tea dolls, or Russian dolls, are a set of wooden dolls of decreasing size placed one inside another. The name matryoshka, mainly known as "little matron", is a diminutive form of […]
Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems
The NSF Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems (ERC WIMS) was formed in 2000 in Michigan — through the collaboration of the University of Michigan (UM), Michigan State University (MSU), and Michigan Technological University. The center is funded by the National Science Foundation. Additional contributions came from the state of Michigan, the three partnering […]